louas iris policies

Tornado!

2008-09-09T23:56:00.000-07:00

Tornado is a most Violent Storms.Greg Stumpf Although tornadoes occur in many parts of the world, these destructive forces of nature are found most frequently in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the spring and summer months. In an average year, 800 tornadoes are reported nationwide, resulting in 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries. A tornado is defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. Once a tornado in Broken Bow, Oklahoma, carried a motel sign 30 miles and dropped it in Arkansas!

solar energy technologies program

2008-09-01T22:48:00.000-07:00

The Solar Energy Technologies program focuses on developing cost-effective solar-energy technologies that have the greatest potential to benefit our nation and the world. Solar technologies diversify our energy supply, reduce our dependence on imported fuels, improve air quality, and offset greenhouse gas emissions. A growing solar industry also stimulates our economy by creating jobs in solar manufacturing and installation.

Power

2008-08-25T00:16:00.001-07:00

The availability of coal in abundance makes Jharkhand an ideal state for setting up thermal power plants. The Government of Jharkhand has taken several initiatives for the development of this industry. It has signed Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of India as a token of its commitment to the reforms in the power sector. Rural electrification has been accorded top priority. The work on renovation and modernization of existing power generating stations has already commenced. The State is attracting private investment in the industry for its further growth.

Sociology of education

2008-08-18T22:21:00.001-07:00

The sociology of education is the learning of how social institutions and services have an effect on educational processes and outcomes, and vice versa. By many, education is understood to be a means of overcome the handicaps, achieve greater equality and acquire wealth and status for all (Sargent 1994). Learners may be provoked by aspirations for progress and betterment. Education is perceived as a place where children can expand according to their unique needs and potentialities. The principle of education can be to build up every individual to their full potential. The understanding of the goals and means of educational socialization processes differs according to the sociological model used.

Subsoil

2008-08-11T22:25:00.001-07:00

It is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. The subsoil may include substances such as clay and has only been partly broken down by air, sunlight, water etc., to create true soil. Below the subsoil is the substratum, which can be residual bedrock, sediments, or Aeolian deposits, largely unchanged by soil-forming factors active in the subsoil? It contains partially weathered particles.

FOB & CIF

2008-08-05T22:56:00.000-07:00

FOB is also known as Freight on Board OR Free On Board. Freight on board means that the exporter delivers the goods at the specified location. Example, FOB Kunming Airport the exporter delivers the goods at Kunming airport. This means exporter is bounce to deliver the goods at the Kunming Airport at his cost and expenses. In the case, the freight and other expenses for outbound traffic is bear by the importer.

CIF is also known as Cost, Insurance, and Freight. Insurance and Freight are all remunerated by the exporter to the particular location. Example, CIF Los Angeles (the exporter pays the ocean shipping/air freight costs to Los Angeles including the insurance).

Major Wildlife Attractions - Sundarbans

2008-07-29T04:19:00.001-07:00

The Sundarbans forest is dwelling to more than 400 tigers. The Bengal Tigers have modified themselves very well to the saline and aqua environs and are extremely good swimmers. As you enter the daring wild land of the Sundarbans you'll be thrilled to see the Chital Dear and Rhesus Monkey.

The aqua fauna of Sundarbans include diversity of fishes, red Fiddler Crabs and Hermit Crabs. There are crocodiles, which can be often seen along the mud banks. Sundarbans national park is also noted for its conservation of the Ridley Sea Turtle. There's is an incredible variety of reptiles also found in Sundarbans, which includes King Cobra, Rock Python and Water Monitor. The endangered river Terrapin, Batagur Baska is found on the Mechua Beach, while the Barkind Deer is found only in Holiday Island in Sunderbans.

Television advertisement

2008-07-21T23:12:00.000-07:00

A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial or advert) is a length of television programming produced and paid for by an organization that conveys a significance. Advertisement revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately own television networks. The vast majority of television advertisements today consist of brief promotion spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes (as well as program-length infomercials). Advertisements of this sort have been used to sell every product conceivable over the years, from household products to goods and services, to political campaigns. The effect of television advertisements upon the viewing public has been so successful and so all-encompassing that it is considered impossible for a politician to wage a successful election campaign, in the United States, without use of television advertising. In certain countries, France for instance, political advertisement is forbidden on television

The Ancient Egypt Portal

2008-07-14T03:46:00.001-07:00

The culture of Ancient Egypt lived along the Nile River in Egypt from before the 5th millennium BC awaiting the 4th Century AD. Ancient Egyptian society was based on farming the lush Nile valley which flooded every year, inspiring the soil with nutrients. The government of ancient Egypt, headed by the Pharaoh, was in charge for organizing farming efforts and collecting taxes for the state, which protected the country's borders and built grand monuments to the gods. The ancient Egyptian civilization successfully ended after the Roman domination, but the pyramids and colossal statues they left behind stand as testimony to the power of the pharaohs.

Snooker

2008-07-07T04:05:00.001-07:00

Snooker is a cue sport that is played on a huge baize-covered table with pockets in each of the four corners and in the middle of each of the extended side cushions. A regulation (full-size) table is 12 ft × 6 ft (3.6 m x 1.8 m). It is played by a cue and snooker balls: one white cue ball, 15 red balls worth one point each, and six balls of different colours yellow (2), green (3), brown (4), blue (5), pink (6) and black (7).A player (or team) wins a enclose (individual game) of snooker by scoring more points than the opponent(s), using the cue ball to pot the red and colored balls. A player wins a match, when a certain number of frames have been won.

Snooker is mainly popular in many of the English-speaking and Commonwealth countries, and in China, with the top expert players attaining multi-million pound profession earnings from the game.

Records management

2008-07-01T04:01:00.000-07:00

Records management, or RM, is the practice of identifying, classifying, archiving, preserving, and destroying records. The ISO 15489: 2001 standard defines it as The field of management in charge for the efficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt, maintenance, use and nature of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining proof of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records.

The ISO defines records as information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligation or in the transaction of business. The International Council on Archives (ICA) Committee on Electronic Records defines a record as, recorded information fashioned or received in the start, conduct or completion of an institutional or individual activity and that comprises content, context and structure enough to provide evidence of the activity. While the definition of a record is often recognized strongly with a document, a record can be either a tangible object or digital information which has value to an organization. For example, birth certificates, medical x-rays, office documents, databases, application data, and e-mail are all examples of records. Records are to be managed according to their value to the organization quite than their physical or logical characteristics.

The other crucial aspect of the above definitions is their reliable reference to records as evidence. Indeed, records management can be seen as being mainly concerned with the identification and management of the evidence of an organization's business activities.

Home/School Liaison

2008-06-19T05:32:00.001-07:00

The recommendations

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Pupils should be encouraged to share good practice between home and school.
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Schools should consider the benefits of sharing their policies and practice on Internet access and use with parents.
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The support of parents should be sought.
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The Click Thinking as a Family Resource can be photocopied and distributed for home use.
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Where School Boards are in place, these bodies may be instrumental in forging good Internet liaison between school, parents and the community. School Boards should consider including discussion of children's use of the Internet at open forums for parents such as their AGM.
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School handbooks should include information on Internet policies and practice, and also refer parents to the Local Authority, the school or the website for copies of the Click Thinking as a Family Resource.

Watercolor painting

2008-06-11T01:00:00.000-07:00

Watercolor (WE) or Watercolour (UK) and "aquarelle" in French are one of the painting methods. A watercolor is the medium or the resulting artwork, in which the paints are made of pigments poised in a water soluble vehicle. The traditional and most common support for watercolor paintings is paper; other supports include papyrus, bark papers, plastics, vellum or leather, fabric, wood, and canvas. In East Asia, watercolor painting with inks is referred to as brush painting or scroll painting. In Chinese and Japanese painting it has been the dominant medium, often in monochrome black or browns. India, Ethiopia and other countries also have long traditions. Finger-painting with watercolor paints originated in China.

Tata Nano

2008-06-02T22:40:00.000-07:00

The Tata Nano is a planned city car debuted by India's Tata Motors at the 9th annual Auto Expo on January 10, 2008 at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi, India.

Called the people’s car in Tata's promotional material, it was projected to be the smallest amount luxurious production car in the world. The standard version of the Nano is projected to sell for Rs.100,000 (approximately US $2500, GBP 1277, or € 1700), not including fees or delivery.

Newsweek identify the Nano as a part of a "new breed of 21st-century cars" that embodies "a contrarian philosophy of smaller, lighter, and cheaper" and portends a new era in inexpensive personal transportation - and potentially, "global gridlock". The Wall Street Journal confirms a global trend toward small cars, led by the Nano.

The prefix "Nano" derives from the Greek root 'nanos', meaning dwarf - as with nanometer. "Nano" also means "small" in Gujarati, the native verbal communication of the Tata family, founders of the Tata Group.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

2008-05-26T21:35:00.000-07:00

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is also known as the Hanging Gardens of Semiramis near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq, formerly Babylon are precise one of the original Seven Wonders of the World. They were built by Nebuchadnezzar II approximately 600 BC. He is reported to have constructed the gardens to please his wife, Amytis of Media, who longed for the trees and aromatic plants of her homeland.The gardens were damaged by several earthquakes after the 2nd century BCE.

The lush Hanging Gardens are broadly documented by Greek historians such as Strabo and Diodorus Siculus. Through the ages, the location may have been confused with gardens that exist at Nineveh, since tablets from there clearly show gardens. Writings on these tablets explain the possible use of something similar to an Archimedes' screw as a process of raising the water to the necessary height.

Mountain

2008-05-18T22:57:00.000-07:00

A mountain is a landform that extends over the nearby terrain in a limited area. A mountain is normally steeper than a hill, but there is no commonly accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill though a mountain typically has an exacting summit.

Mountains are on the whole given as heights over mean sea level. The Himalayas generally 5 km above sea level, at the same time as the Andes average 4 km. Most other mountain has 2 – 2.5 km. The peak mountain on Earth is Everest, 8,848 m (29,028 feet), locate in the world's most vital mountain range, the Himalayas.

Sufficiently big mountains have particularly different climatic conditions at the top than at the base, and will thus have different life zones at different altitudes on their slopes. The plants and animals of a sector are to some extent lonely when the zones above and below are harsh, and numerous unique species take place on mountainsides as an end result. Great cases are identified as sky islands. Cloud forests are forests on mountain sides which are a focus for moisture from the air, and thus creating a single ecosystem. Very tall mountains may possibly be enclosed in ice or snow.

Economic order quantity

2008-05-11T22:38:00.000-07:00

Economic order quantity is that stage of inventory that minimizes the total of inventory holding cost and ordering cost. The framework used to decide this order quantity is also known as Wilson EOQ Model. The model was developed by F. W. Harris in 1913. But still R. H. Wilson is given credit for his early in-depth study of the model.
Underlying assumptions
The ordering cost is constant.
The annual (or monthly or whatever periodicity you desire, here we will use annual) demand for the item is stable over time and it is known to the firm.
Quantity discounts doesn't exist. The order is received immediately after placing the order.

Swaption

2008-05-04T23:08:00.000-07:00

A swaption is an option granting its owner the right but not the obligation to enter into a fundamental swap. Although options can be traded on a diversity of swaps, the term "swaption" typically refers to options on interest rate swaps.
There are two types of swaption contracts:
A payer swaption gives the owner of the swaption the right to come into a swap where they pay the fixed leg and obtain the floating leg.
A receiver swaption gives the owner of the swaption the right to enter into a swap where they will receive the fixed leg, and pay the floating leg.
The buyer and seller of the swaption agree on:
The premium (price) of the swaption
the strike rate (equal to the fixed rate of the underlying swap)
Length of the option period (which frequently ends two business days prior to the start date of the underlying swap),
the term of the underlying swap,
Notional amount,
Amortization, if any
Frequency of settlement payments on the underlying swap.

Animals

2008-04-28T03:25:00.000-07:00

Animals are a major set of organisms, classified as the empire Metazoa. In common they are multicultural, receptive to their surroundings, and afford for by overriding other organisms or parts of them. Their body plan becomes fixed when they enlarge, commonly early on in their growth as embryos, in spite of the fact that some feel a process of metamorphosis later on.

The word "animal" draws closer from the Latin word animal, of which Metazoa is the plural, and is resulting from anima, sense very significant breath or soul. In every day colloquial usage, the word often refers to non-human animals. The biological meaning of the word refers to every members of the empire Animalia. As a result, as the word "animal" is used in a biological condition, humans are included.

Global financial system

2008-04-20T22:43:00.001-07:00

The global financial system (GFS) is a financial system consisting of institutions and rules that act on the international level, as distinct to those that act on a national or regional level. The main players are the global institutions, such as International Monetary Fund and Bank for International Settlements, national agencies and government departments, e.g., central banks and finance ministries, and private institutions acting on the global scale, e.g., banks and hedge funds.

Divergence theorem in maths

2008-04-06T22:45:00.000-07:00

In vector calculus, the divergence theorem, as well known as Gauss' theorem, Ostrogradsky's theorem, or Gauss-Ostrogradsky theorem is an answer that relates the flow (that is, flux) of a vector field through a surface to the behavior of the vector field inside the surface.

More accurately, the divergence theorem states that the outward flux of a vector field through a surface is equal to the triple integral of the divergence on the region in the surface. Intuitively, it states that the sum of every source minus the sum of all sinks gives the net flow out of a region.

The divergence theorem is the main result for the mathematics of physics, particularly in electrostatics and fluid dynamics.

Mouse

2008-03-30T21:13:00.000-07:00

This article is regarding to computer input device. For the animal, see mouse. For other uses, see mouse (disambiguation).

A contemporary computer mouse, with the most common normal features: two buttons and a scroll wheel. In computing, a mouse (plural mice or mouses) functions as a pointing device by detect two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of a small case, held beneath of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels", which let the user to perform various system-dependent operations, or extra buttons or features can add more control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion classically translates into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows for fine control of a Graphical User Interface.

The name mouse, originate at the Stanford Research Institute, derives from the similarity of early models (which had a cord attached to the rear part of the device, suggesting the idea of a tail) to the common mouse.

Pulses

2008-03-23T22:22:00.000-07:00

Pulses are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as yearly leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color surrounded by a pod. Pulses being used for food and animal feed.

The term pulses, as used by the FAO, are kept for crops harvested solely for the dry grain. This therefore excludes green beans and green peas, which are measured vegetable crops. Also barred crops which are mainly grown for oil extraction oilseeds like soybeans and peanuts, and crops which are used exclusively for sowing (clovers, alfalfa).

Pulses are main food crops due to their high protein and necessary amino acid content. Like many leguminous crops, pulses play a key role in crop turning round due to their capability to fix nitrogen.

Salwar kameez

2008-03-16T23:12:00.000-07:00

Salwar kameez is also spelled shalwar kameez and shalwar qamiz is a customary dress worn by both women and men in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. It is now and then known as Punjabi suit owing to its popularity in the Punjab region and the Pathani suit, due to the fact that the Pathans of Kabul set up the dress to the rest of South Asia.

It is loose pajama like trousers the legs are wide at the top and thin at the bottom,
The kameez is a long shirt or tunic. The part seams known as the chaak are left open under the waist-line, which gives the wearer greater freedom of movement. In Afghanistan and Pakistan, it is the special garment of both sexes. In Bangladesh and India, it is usually a woman's garment though the majority of Indian women wear traditional clothing, the men in India can be found in more comfortable in western clothing. Shalwar kameez is the traditional dress worn by a many peoples of south-central Asia. In India and Pakistan it is a largely popular style of dress, Shalwar or Salwar is a short loose or parallel trouser.

Fixed income

2008-03-09T23:07:00.001-07:00

Fixed income refers to any kind of investment that yields a normal or fixed return.
For example, if you create use of money and have to pay interest once a month, you have issue a fixed-income security. When a company does this, it is frequently called a bond or corporate bank debt even though 'preferred stock' is also sometimes measured to be fixed income. Sometimes people misspeak when they talk about fixed income; bonds really have higher risk, while notes and bills have less risk because these are issued by Government agencies.

The term fixed income is also useful to a person's income that does not differ with each period. This can include income derivative from fixed-income investments such as bonds and preferred stocks or pensions that guarantee a fixed income.

Uranus

2008-03-03T21:39:00.001-08:00

Uranus (pronounced /'j??r?n?s/, /j?'re?n?s/) is the seventh planet from the Sun and the third-largest and fourth-most enormous planet in the solar system. It is named after the earliest Greek deity of the sky (Uranus, ???a???), the father of Kronos (Saturn) and grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter). Uranus was the first planet exposed in modern times. Though it is visible to the naked eye like the five classical planets, it was never familiar as a planet by ancient observers owed to its dimness. Sir William Herschel announces its discovery on March 13, 1781, growing the known boundaries of the solar system for the first time in current history. This was also the first discovery of a planet complete using a telescope.

Uranus and Neptune have internal and atmospheric compositions diverse from those of the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn.

Urban ecology

2008-02-26T21:25:00.000-08:00

Urban ecology is the subfield of ecology which deals with the interaction of plants, animals and humans with each other and with their environment in urban or urbanizing settings. Analysis of urban settings in the context of ecosystem ecology (looking at the cycling of matter and the flow of energy through the ecosystem) can result in healthier, better managed communities. Studying the factors which allow wild plants and animals to survive (and sometimes thrive) in built environments can also create more livable spaces. It allows people to adapt to the changing environment while preserving the resources.

National technical means of verification

2008-02-21T23:11:00.001-08:00

National technical means of verification is a phrase that first appeared, but was not detailed, in the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) between the US and USSR. At first, the phrase reflected a concern that the "Soviet Union could be particularly disturbed by public recognition of this capability [satellite photography]...which it has veiled.". In modern usage, the term covers a variety of monitoring technologies, including others used at the time of SALT I.

It continues to appear in subsequent arms control negotiations, which have a general theme called "trust but verify". Verification, in addition to information explicitly supplied from one side to the other, involves numerous technical intelligence disciplines. Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) techniques, many being especially obscure technical methods, are extremely important parts of verification.

Complex system

2008-02-17T21:28:00.000-08:00

A complex system is a system composed of interconnected parts that as a whole exhibit one or more properties (behavior among the possible properties) not obvious from the properties of the individual parts. A system’s complexity may be of one of two forms: disorganized complexity and organized complexity. In essence, disorganized complexity is a matter of a very large number of parts, and organized complexity is a matter of the subject system (quite possibly with only a limited number of parts) exhibiting emergent properties. Examples of complex systems include ant-hills, ants themselves, human economies, climate, nervous systems, cells and living things, including human beings, as well as modern energy or telecommunication infrastructures. Indeed, many systems of interest to humans are complex systems.

Reliability organizations

2008-02-09T00:52:00.000-08:00

Systems of any significant complexity are developed by organizations of people, such as a commercial company or a government agency. The reliability engineering organization must be consistent with the company's organizational structure. For small, non-critical systems, reliability engineering may be informal. As complexity grows, the need arises for a formal reliability function. Because reliability is important to the customer, the customer may even specify certain aspects of the reliability organization.

There are several common types of reliability organizations. The project manager or chief engineer may employ one or more reliability engineers directly. In larger organizations, there is usually a product assurance or specialty engineering organization, which may include reliability, maintainability, quality, safety, human factors, logistics, etc. In such case, the reliability engineer reports to the product assurance manager or specialty engineering manager.

Ethnophilosophy

2008-01-27T23:21:00.000-08:00

Ethnophilosophy is an ethnic approach to the study of philosophy.
Most of the philosophical work in modern western university philosophy departments centers around the work of western philosophers from Europe and North America. University philosophy departments work primarily with written texts and the written texts come mostly from these same western countries.

An Ethnophilosophical approach seeks to unearth the philosophies of non-western cultures through the study of oral traditions, analysis of linguistic categories[citation needed], social structures and religion. Ethnophilosophy also adds new perspectives to the body of knowledge in philosophy by considering the philosophical meanings in texts from non-western cultures that have been traditionally excluded from the philosophical canon.

Cladistics

2008-01-17T19:22:00.001-08:00

Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of species based on evolutionary ancestry. Cladistics is distinguished from other taxonomic classification systems because it focuses on evolution (rather than focusing on similarities between species), and because it places heavy emphasis on objective, quantitative analysis. Cladistics generates diagrams called cladograms that represent the evolutionary tree of life. DNA and RNA sequencing data are used in many important cladistic efforts. Computer programs are widely used in cladistics, due to the highly complex nature of cladogram-generation procedures. A major contributor to cladistics was the German entomologist Willi Hennig, who referred to it as phylogenetic systematics.

Forensic psychology

2008-01-10T18:07:00.000-08:00

Forensic psychology covers a broad range of practices primarily involving courtroom testimony on given issues. Forensic psychologists are appointed by the court to conduct competency to stand trial evaluations, competency to be executed evaluations, sanity evaluations, involuntary commitment evaluations, provide sentencing recommendations, and sex offender evaluation and treatment evaluations and provide recommendations to the court through written reports and testimony. Most of the questions the court asks the forensic psychologist are not questions of psychology but rather legal questions. For example, there is no definition of sanity in psychology. Rather, sanity is a legal definition that varies from state to state in the United States and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Therefore, a prime qualification of a forensic psychology is an intimate understanding of the law, especially criminal law.

Rationalism

2008-01-04T22:31:00.000-08:00

In epistemology and in its broadest sense, rationalism is "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification" (Lacey 286). In more technical terms it is a method or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive" (Bourke 263). Different degrees of emphasis on this method or theory lead to a range of rationalist standpoints, from the moderate position "that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge" to the radical position that reason is "the unique path to knowledge" (Audi 771).

Within the Western philosophical tradition, "rationalism begins with the Eleatics, Pythagoreans, and Plato, whose theory of the self-sufficiency of reason became the leitmotif of Neoplatonism and idealism" (Runes 263). Since the Enlightenment, rationalism is usually associated with the introduction of mathematical methods into philosophy, as in Descartes, Leibniz, and Spinoza (Bourke 263). This is commonly called continental rationalism, because it was predominant in the continental schools of Europe, whereas in Britain empiricism dominated.

Leonardo's robot

2007-12-28T21:26:00.000-08:00

Leonardo's robot refers to a humanoid automaton designed by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1495.

The design notes for the robot appear in sketchbooks that were rediscovered in the 1950s. It is not known whether or not an attempt was made to build the device.

The robot is a knight, clad in German-Italian medieval armor, that is apparently able to make several human-like motions. These motions included sitting up, moving its arms, neck, and an anatomically correct jaw. It is partially the fruit of Leonardo's anatomical research in the Canon of Proportions as described in the Vitruvian Man.

Bus network topology

2007-12-19T21:41:00.000-08:00

A bus network topology is a network architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shared communications line, called a bus. There are several common instances of the bus architecture, including one in the motherboard of most computers, and those in some versions of Ethernet networks.

Bus networks are the simplest way to connect multiple clients, but often have problems when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus. Thus systems which use bus network architectures normally have some scheme of collision handling or collision avoidance for communication on the bus, quite often using Carrier Sense Multiple Access or the presence of a bus master which controls access to the shared bus resource.

A true bus network is passive – the computers on the bus simply listen for a signal; they are not responsible for moving the signal along. However, many active architectures can also be described as a "bus", as they provide the same logical functions as a passive bus; for example, switched Ethernet can still be regarded as a logical bus network, if not a physical one. Indeed, the hardware may be abstracted away completely in the case of a software bus.

What is Java Virtual Machine?

2007-11-28T23:19:00.000-08:00

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which implements a particular virtual machine model. This model agrees to a form of computer intermediary language, normally referred to as Java bytecode, which conceptually signifies the instruction set of a stack-oriented, capability architecture. This code is primarily often generated by Java language compilers, even though the JVM can as well be targeted by compilers of other languages. JVMs using the "Java" trademark can be developed by other companies as extensive as they adhere to the JVM requirement published by Sun and related to contractual obligations.

The JVM is a crucial part of the Java Platform. Since the JVMs are accessible for many hardware and software platforms, Java can be equally middleware and a platform has its own right — therefore the expression "write once, run anywhere." The use of the alike bytecode for every platforms allows Java to be described as "compile once, run anywhere", as opposed to "write once, compile anywhere", which denotes cross-platform compiled languages. The JVM as well enables such exclusive features as Automated Exception Handling which gives 'root-cause' debugging information for all software error (exception) independent of the source code.

What can a C program and Programming Language do?

2007-11-21T23:22:00.001-08:00

A Typical programming task includes putting data into a database or pulling it out, displaying high speed graphics in a game or video, managing the electronic devices joined to the PC or even playing music and/or sound effects. You can even write down software to generate music or help you to compose.

A programming language is used to write down computer programs like Applications, Utilities, Servers and Systems Programs.

A program is written as a series of human comprehensible computer instructions that can be read by a compiler and linker, and translated into machine code so that a computer can know and run it in programming language.

What does it mean by unmanned space missions?

2007-11-14T22:56:00.000-08:00

The unmanned space missions are those using the remote-controlled spacecraft. The first such mission was the Sputnik I mission, began on October 4, 1957. Few missions are more appropriate for unmanned missions rather than manned space missions, as a result of lower cost and lower risk factors. Because the early 1970s, most unmanned space missions have been based on space probes with the built-in mission computers, and as such possibly will be classified as embedded systems.

What is electronic mixer?

2007-11-01T04:43:00.001-07:00

Electronic mixers are a device and are used for mixing two or more electronic signals. There are two fundamental types of mixer. The one is the additive mixers and the other is multiplying mixers. The Additive mixers add two signals jointly, and are used for that kind of or such applications as the audio mixing. The Multiplying mixers multiply the signals jointly, and make or produce an output containing together original signals, and new signals that have the sum and difference of the frequency of the original or the innovative signals.

History of Interstate Highway

2007-10-27T05:24:00.000-07:00

The interstate system was certified by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, generally identified as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956. It was lobbied for by most important U.S. automobile manufacturers and championed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and was influenced by both his experiences as a young soldier crossing the country in 1919 next the route of the Lincoln Highway, and by his gratitude of the German autobahn network.

Planning for a system of new superhighways started in the late 1930s, even previous to federal commitment to build the Interstate highway system came in the 1950s. The Construction on the world's first public limited-access highway, the Bronx River Parkway, had started in New York as early as 1907. By the 1920s, longer highways like the New York City parkway system had been built as part of local or state highway systems. As automotive traffic increased, planners saw require for such an interrelated national system to add-on the existing, mostly non-freeway, U.S. Highway system. The General location of national system of interstate highways, together with all additional routes at urban areas selected in September, 1955 maps what became the interstate system, and is unofficially known as the Yellow Book.

Although the construction on the Interstate Highway system continues, it was authoritatively regarded as complete in 1991 (though 5.6 miles of the unique planned route remain either unconstructed or not yet open). The initial cost guess for the system was $25 billion over twelve years; it ended up costing $114 billion, taking 35 years to complete. As of 2004, the system contains over 42,700 miles (68,500 km) of roads, all at smallest amount four lanes wide.

A general view on Sunglasses

2007-10-18T00:43:00.000-07:00

The Sunglasses may be made with moreover prescription or non-prescription (i.e. plano) lenses that are darkened to give protection against bright visible light. Good sunglasses should as well care for against ultraviolet light. As a result of changes in the atmosphere, ultraviolet levels are greatly higher than in the past and ultraviolet protection for eyes and skin is even more essential. It is likely to have lenses that look very dark and however offer little ultraviolet protection. Sunglasses differ greatly and many offer more style than protection.

The Glasses with photo-sensitive lenses, called photo chromic lenses, become darker in the presence of UV light. Unluckily, many car windshields care for the passengers from UV light, while not protects from bright visible light, making photo chromic lenses ineffective where they are most needed. Still, they offer the ease of not having to bring both clear glasses and sunglasses to those who often go indoors and outdoors during the course of a day.

The Light polarization is an added characteristic that can be applied to sunglass lenses. Polarization filters take away horizontal rays of light, which can cause glare. The Popular among fishermen and hunters, polarized sunglasses let wearers to see into water when generally glare or reflected light would be seen. The Polarized sunglasses may present a few difficulties for pilots in that reflections from water and the other structures often used to gauge altitude may be removed, or the instrument readings on liquid crystal displays can be blocked.

The real facts about Uranus

2007-10-11T00:43:00.001-07:00

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun and the third biggest (by diameter). Uranus is bigger in diameter but smaller in mass than Neptune. Uranus is composed mainly of rock and various ices, with only about 15% hydrogen and a little helium (in compare to Jupiter and Saturn which are mostly hydrogen). Uranus (and Neptune) is in numerous ways alike to the cores of Jupiter and Saturn minus the huge liquid metallic hydrogen envelope. It appears that Uranus does not have a stony core like Jupiter and Saturn but rather that its material is more or less consistently distributed.

Like the other gas planets, Uranus has bands of clouds that carry around rapidly. But they are very faint, visible only with radical image improvement of the Voyager 2 pictures (right). Recent observations with HST (left) show bigger and more pronounced streaks. Additional HST observations show even more activity. Uranus is no longer the ordinary boring planet that Voyager saw! It now seems understandable that the differences are due to seasonal effects since the Sun is now at lesser Uranian latitude which may because more pronounced day/night weather effects. By 2007 the Sun will be unswervingly over Uranus's equator.

Like the additional gas planets, Uranus has rings. Like Jupiter's, they are extremely dark but like Saturn's they are composed of quite large particles ranging up to 10 meters in diameter additionally to fine dust. There are 11 recognized rings, all very faint; the brightest is identified as the Epsilon ring. The Uranian rings were the first after Saturn's to be discovered. This was of great importance since we now know that rings are a common feature of planets, not a peculiarity of Saturn alone. Uranus' fascinating field is odd in that it is not centered on the center of the planet and is tilted almost 60 degrees with respect to the axis of rotary motion. It is almost certainly generated by motion at relatively shallow depths within Uranus.

Buddhism Portal

2007-09-27T23:20:00.000-07:00

Buddhism is a faith or philosophy based on the wisdom of the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is given by tradition as 566 to 486 BCE. Buddhism slowly spread from India throughout Asia to Central Asia, Sri Lanka, Tibet, Southeast Asia, as well as to East Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan. It is classified as an Arya dharma or a noble faith. It is one of the shramana religions existing today.With around 350 million followers, Buddhism is a main world religion.

A Snapshot of Macro-Economics

2007-09-10T03:16:00.001-07:00

Economics is the learning of making choices. High school and college students all over required to take economic courses in order to achieve a diploma. Why is economics so important because it provides a guide for students for real-world situations Economics is divided into two types microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the study of economics at a slim level. For example absorbed on how a detailed business functions is microeconomics.

Studying the world economy is classified as Macroeconomics; its center on a much broader level. All students must understand the concept of insufficiency. Scarcity is a condition that occurs because society has unlimited wants and needs however the amount of property is limited. Unlimited wants and needs are what encourage us to create goods and services. We are never satisfied therefore we always have a want or need. On the other hand our income is limited.

Jakarta Slide

2007-09-03T23:17:00.001-07:00

Slide is an open-source content management system from the Jakarta project. It is written in Java and implements the WebDAV protocol. Slide is a set of APIs to implement the Web DAV client. Due to this Slide can also be seen as a Content Management Framework. The use of Web DAV, which is a superset of HTTP, makes Slide an ideal candidate for web-based content management. Among the applications of Slide are their uses as a file server, in intranet applications, and as an excellent repository for XML both as properties and versioned files for persistence of JavaBeans. It also has an extensible storage device that can be used for incorporation and adaptation.

Entertainment

2007-08-27T19:34:00.000-07:00

Entertainment is an occasion, piece, or movement designed to give enjoyment or leisure to an audience. The audience may join in the entertainment passively as in actively as in computer games. The playing of sports and reading of journalism are usually included in entertainment, but these are regularly called activity more specifically, because they involve some energetic participation past mere leisure.

While people have laughing themselves since the beginning of time, the entertainment industry first became a leading force in culture in the 20th century with the development of latest electronic technologies of recording and spreading. Western peoples, tired of serious purposes and gathering massacre, turned to popular culture following the two world wars. The financial basis of this new culture was advertising of free or inexpensive entertainment program. In their peak, television networks were great selling machines which, besides entertaining people, prohibited both commercial and political markets by providing direct access to the group of customers. This "territory" is now in danger by the explosion and segmentation of media and especially by the growing importance of communication by computer which allows the consumer to look for out the informational message as an alternative of having it broadcast to him or her. A new system of world history sees Americans in changeover between a fourth, entertainment-based "society" and a future fifth evolution based on computer communication.

Carriage clock

2007-08-20T23:41:00.000-07:00

Carriage clock is a minute, spring-driven clock, designed for traveling, developed in the early 19th century in France. The case, usually plain or gilt-brass, is rectangular with a carrying handle and often set with glass or more rarely enamel or porcelain panels. A feature of carriage clocks is the platform escapement, sometimes visible through a glazed aperture on the top of the case.

Flak jacket

2007-08-13T21:56:00.000-07:00

A flak jacket or flak vest is a type of protective clothing. Today it frequently refers to bulletproof vests, particularly Type III and on top of which have added steel, titanium, ceramic or polyethylene plates which can resist high-powered rounds such as from rifles.

Planetary ring

2007-08-07T23:20:00.001-07:00

A planetary ring is a ring of dirt and other small particles orbiting around a planet in a flat disc-shaped region. The most spectacular and famous planetary rings are those around Saturn, but the other three gas giants of the solar system possess ring systems of their own.

Electrostatic

2007-07-31T23:44:00.001-07:00

A thin, electrostatic ally charged diaphragm, is suspended between two perforated metal plates. The electrical sound signal is applied to the electrodes creating an electrical field; depending on the polarity of this field, the membrane is drawn towards one of the plates. Air is forced through the perforations; combined with a continuously changing electrical signal oscillating the membrane, a sound wave is generated.

Kinetic power

2007-07-22T21:48:00.000-07:00

Some watches are powered by the movement of the wearer of the watch. Kinetic powered quartz watches make use of the movement of the wearer's arm turning a rotating weight, which in turn, turns a creator to supply power. The concept is similar to that of self-winding spring movements, except that electrical power are generated instead of mechanical motion alone.

Vegetable

2007-07-13T23:10:00.001-07:00

Vegetable is a culinary term which usually refers to an edible part of a plant. The definition is traditional rather than scientific and is somewhat capricious and subjective. All parts of herbaceous plants eaten as food by humans, entire or in part are normally considered vegetables. Mushrooms, though belonging to the biological realm fungi, are also commonly considered vegetables. In general, vegetables are thought of as being savory, and not sweet, even though there are many exceptions. Nuts, grains, herbs, spices and culinary fruits (see below) are usually not considered vegetables.

2007-07-08T23:19:00.001-07:00

Prevention

In medicine, prevention is any action which reduces the burden of mortality or morbidity from disease. This takes place at primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels.Primary prevention avoids the development of a disease. Most population-based health support activities are primary preventive measures.Secondary prevention activities are aimed at early disease detection, thereby increasing opportunities for interventions to prevent progression of the disease and emergence of symptoms.Tertiary prevention reduces the negative impact of an already recognized disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications.

Malai

2007-07-01T23:28:00.001-07:00

Malai is a South Asian term for clotted cream or Devonshire cream. It is made by heating non-homogenized whole milk to about 80ºC (180ºF) for about one hour and then allowing to cool. A thick yellowish layer of fat and coagulated proteins forms on the surface, which is skimmed off. The process is typically repeated to remove most of the fat. Malai has about 55% butterfat. Buffalo milk is thought to produce better malai because of its high fat content.Malai is used in such recipes as Malai Kofta dumplings and the sweet Malai Kulfi.

History of Motorola

2007-06-26T22:21:00.000-07:00

Motorola started as Galvin developed Corporation in 1928. The name Motorola was adopted in 1947, but the word had been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders Paul Galvin and Joe Galvin came up with the name Motorola when his company started manufacturing car radios. A number of early companies making phonographs, radios, and other audio tackle in the early 20th century used the suffix "-ola," the most famous being Victrola; RCA made a "radiola"; there was also a company that made jukeboxes called Rock-Ola, and a film editing device called a Moviola. The Motorola prefix "motor-" was chosen because the company's first focus was in automotive electronics.

Most of Motorola's crop has been radio-related, starting with a battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile phone manufacturing. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. Motorola has been the key supplier for the microprocessors used in Commodore Amiga, Apple Macintosh and Power Macintosh personal computers. The chip used in the latter computers, the PowerPC family, was developed with IBM and in a partnership with Apple. Motorola also has a diverse line of communication products, including satellite systems, digital cable boxes and modems.

Fish food

2007-06-23T02:09:00.001-07:00

Fish food is plant or animal material intended for consumption by pet fish kept in aquariums or ponds. Fish foods usually contain macro nutrients, trace elements and vitamins necessary to keep captive fish in good health. Approximately 80% of fishkeeping hobbyists feed their fish exclusively prepared foods that most commonly are produced in flake, pellet or tablet form.Pelleted forms, some of which sink rapidly, are often used for larger fish or bottom feeding species such as loaches or catfish. Some fish foods also contain additives, such as beta carotene or sex hormones, to artifically enhance the color of ornamental fish.

Neem oil

2007-06-17T22:32:00.001-07:00

Neem oil is a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seeds of Neem, an evergreen tree which is endemic to the Indian sub-continent and has been introduced to many other areas in the tropics. It is perhaps the most significant of the commercially available products of neem.Neem oil is typically light to dark brown, bitter and has a rather strong odour that is said to join the odours of peanut and garlic. It comprises mainly triglycerides and large amounts of triterpenoid compounds, which are in charge for the bitter taste. It is hydrophobic in nature and in order to emulisify it in water for application purposes, it must be formulated with suitable surfactants.Neem oil also contains steroids and a plethora of triterpenoids of which Azadirachtin is the most well known and studied. The Azadirachtin content of Neem Oil varies from 300ppm to over 2000ppm depending on the quality of the neem seeds compressed.

Compiler

2007-06-11T21:49:00.000-07:00

A compiler is a computer program or set of programs that converts text written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language). The original sequence is frequently called the source code and the output called object code. Commonly the output has a form appropriate for processing by other programs (e.g., a linker), but it may be a human-readable text file.

The most common reason for wanting to translate source code is to make an executable program. The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that convert source code from a high level language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine language). A program that translates from a low level language to a higher level one is a decompiler. A program that translates between high-level languages is generally called a language translator, source to source translator, or language converter. A language rewriter is generally a program that translates the form of expressions without a modify language.

Krill fishery

2007-06-06T22:36:00.000-07:00

Krill fishery is the commercial fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. Estimates for how much krill there is vary wildly, depending on the methodology used. They range from 125–725 million tonnes of biomass globally. The total global harvest of krill from all fisheries amounts to 150 – 200,000 tonnes annually, mainly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and North Pacific krill (E. pacifica).
Krill are rich in protein (40% or more of dry weight) and lipids (about 20% in E. superba). Their exoskeleton amounts to some 2% of dry weight of chitin. They also contain traces of a wide array of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, carbohydrases, nucleases and phospholipases, which are intense in the digestive gland in the cephalothorax of the krill.
Most krill is used as aquaculture feed and fish bait; other uses comprise livestock or pet foods. Only a small percentage is prepared for human consumption. Their enzymes are interesting for medical applications, an expanding sector since the early 1990s.

Introduction of Integrated circuit

2007-05-27T22:37:00.000-07:00

Integrated circuits were made possible by investigational discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could carry out the functions of vacuum tubes, and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device manufacture. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous development over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors. There are two main advantages of Integrated Circuits over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their mechanism, are printed as a unit by photolithography and not constructed a transistor at a time. Performance is high since the components switch quickly and consume little power, because the components are small and close together.

Digital circuits

2007-05-19T00:05:00.000-07:00

Most integrated circuits of sufficient complexity utilize a clock signal in order to synchronize different parts of the circuit and to account for propagation delays. As ICs become more complex, the problem of supplying accurate and synchronized clocks to all the circuits becomes increasingly difficult. The preeminent example of such complex chips is the microprocessor, the central component of modern computers, which relies on a clock from a crystal oscillator.

A clock signal might also be gated, that is, joint with a controlling signal that enables or disables the clock signals for a certain part of a circuit. This technique is often used to save power by efficiently shutting down portions of a digital circuit when they are not in use.

In some near the beginning microprocessors such as the National Semiconductor IMP-16 family, a multi-phase clock was used. In the case of the IMP-16, the clock had four phases, each 90 degrees apart, in order to synchronize the operations of the processor core and its peripherals. Most modern microprocessors and microcontrollers use a single-phase clock, however.

Many modern microcomputers utilize a "clock multiplier" which multiplies a lower frequency external clock to the suitable clock rate of the microprocessor. This allows the CPU to operate at a much higher frequency than the rest of the computer, which affords performance gains in situations where the CPU does not need to wait on an external factor.

Web Design

2007-05-14T00:23:00.001-07:00

Web design is the deceitful and graphical production of content shown on the Internet in the form of Web sites and other Web applications using many dissimilar forms of media. A Web site is a group of information regarding a particular topic or subject. Designing a website is defined as the arrangement and construction of Web pages that in turn make up a website.

There are several aspects in this process, and due to the rapid development of the Internet, new aspects may come out. For distinctive commercial Web sites, the basic aspects are:

* The site design is defined by the subject and content.
* The site should be user-friendly, with the interface and navigation simple and reliable. If the site is large enough and contains enough information, a site browser may be needed so that information can be found quickly, without using the navigation tools.
* The appearance should consist of a single style that flows throughout, to show consistency. The style should be professional, look good and most of all be appropriate to the users and site content.
* The visibility of the site's text and information should be dominant as that is what the users are visiting for.
* The site must also be easy to find on the internet and if possible should be scheduled on most, if not all, major search engines.

A Web site typically consists of text and images. The first page of a website is Home page or Index. Some websites use what is commonly called a Splash Page. Splash pages might include a welcome message, language/region selection, or disclaimer. Each web page contained by a Web site is an HTML file which has its own URL. After each Web page is created, they are typically associated together using a navigation menu composed of hyperlinks. Faster browsing speeds have led to shorter awareness spans and more demanding online visitors and this has resulted in less use of Splash Pages, particularly where commercial websites are concerned.

Once a Web site is completed, it must be published or uploaded in order to be viewable to the public over the internet. This is done using an FTP client. Once published, the Web master may use a variety of techniques to increase the traffic, or hits, that the website receives. This may include submitting the Web site to a search engine such as Google or Yahoo, exchanging links with other Web sites, creating affiliations with similar Web sites, etc.

Vehicle

2007-05-09T01:00:00.000-07:00

Vehicles are non-living means of moving. They are most often man-made, although some other means of moving which are not made by man can also be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks. Vehicles may be propelled by animals, e.g. a chariot or an ox-cart. However, animals on their own, though used as a means of transportation, are not called vehicles. This includes humans carrying another human, for example a child or a disabled person. Vehicles that do not travel on land are often called crafts, such as watercraft, sail craft, aircraft, hovercraft and spacecraft most land vehicles have wheels. Please see the wheel article for examples of vehicles with and without wheels. Movement without the help of a vehicle or an animal is called locomotion. The word vehicle itself comes from the Latin vehicular.

Description of Willamette River

2007-05-01T23:44:00.000-07:00

The Willamette rises in three separate forks in the mountains south and southeast of Eugene, at the southern termination of the Willamette Valley. The Middle Fork and North Fork increase on the western side of the Cascades between Three Sisters south to Diamond Peak, with the Middle Fork in receipt of the North Fork northwest of Oakridge and flowing northwest through the mountains to the southern end of the Willamette Valley. The Coast Fork rises in the lower mountains south of Cottage Grove, sinuous north to connect the Middle Fork 2 mi southeast of Eugene.

From Eugene, the joint river flow NNW across the plain of the southern Willamette Valley to Corvallis, and then follows a zigzag course past Albany and around the isolated hills in the middle valley, passing west of downtown Salem. From Salem it flows north in a not direct course across the northwest plain of the valley, reaching the hills at Newberg, where it turns sharply ENE along the hills, passing through an opening in the hills at Oregon City, the location of the Falls of the Willamette and the head of navigation. From Oregon City it flows northwest, past Lake Oswego and Milwaukee on the south edge of Portland, then passing between east and west Portland, where it is spanned by a series of urban bridges. Downstream of downtown Portland it flows northwest through the industrial port area of Portland Harbor, then splitting into two channels around Sauvie Island, both of which hook around to enter the Columbia from the west, with the main channel entering on the north edge of Portland and the smaller Multnomah Channel entering approximately 15 mi NNW at St.Helens.

Business

2007-04-27T23:03:00.000-07:00

In economic business is the social science of managing people to systematize and maintain collective productivity toward accomplishing particular imaginative and productive goals, usually to make profit. The etymology of "business" refers to the state of being busy, in the circumstance of the individual as well as the community or society. In other words, to be busy is to be doing commercially viable and profitable work.

The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the general usage (above), the particular usage to refer to a particular company or corporation, and the comprehensive usage to refer to a particular market sector, such as "the record business," "the computer business," or "the business community" -- the community of suppliers of goods and services.

The singular "business" can be a legally-recognized entity within an economically free society, wherein individuals systematize based on expertise and skill bring about social and technological expansion.

However, the exact definition of business is disputable as is business philosophy; for example, most Marxist use "means of production" as a rough synonym for "business." Socialist advocates government, public, or worker ownership of most sizable businesses.

Imperial Airways

2007-04-24T23:28:00.000-07:00

Imperial Airways was an early on British saleable air transport company, in service from 1924 to 1939.

Created subsequent the advice of the government Humbling Committee in 1923 — that the main existing aircraft companies should be merged to create a company which would be physically powerful enough to develop Britain's external air services — and offered a £1m subsidy over ten years if they merged. Imperial Airways Limited was formed in March 1924 from the British Marine Air Navigation Company Ltd, the Daimler Airway, Handley-Page Transport Ltd and the Intone Air Line Ltd. The land operations were based at Corydon Airport.

The first commercial flight was in April 1924, when a daily London-Paris examines was opened. Additional services to other European destinations were started all through the summer. The first new airliner was specially made by Imperial Airways in November 1924. In the first year of operation the company carried 11,395 passengers and 212,380 letters.

The porch of service to the British Empire was not begun until 1927 when, with the addition of six new aircraft, a service was instituted from Cairo to Basra. But the first service from London for Karachi did not start until 1929 using newly purchased Short S.8 Calcutta flying boats; even then the passengers were transported by train from Paris to the Mediterranean where the Short flying boats were. In February 1931 a weekly service between London and Tanganyika was started as part of the proposed route to Cape Town and in April an investigational London-Australia air mail flight took place; the mail was transferred at the Netherlands East Indies, and took 26 days in total to reach Sydney. The purchase of the 8 Handley Page 42 four-engine airliners boosted the series of services; in 1932 the service to Africa was extensive to Cape Town.

Smartphone

2007-04-18T23:51:00.000-07:00

A smartphone is any electronic handheld device that integrates the functionality of a mobile phone, personal digital assistant or other information appliance. This is often achieved by adding telephone functions to an existing PDA or putting "smart" capabilities, such as PDA functions, into a mobile phone. A key characteristic of a smartphone is that additional applications can be installed on the device. The applications can be developed by the manufacturer of the handheld device, by the operator or by any other third-party software developer.It is more and more difficult to define exactly what qualifies as a smartphone. almost all new mobile phones have some rudimentary PDA functionality such as phonebooks, calendars, and task lists. Furthermore, BREW and Java ME devices allow for the installation of extra applications but are still not measured smartphones. There are many BREW devices with PDA functionality, the ability to run third-party applications in native code and sporting displays as large as 240x320 pixels; yet they are not considered smartphones. The elusive definition seems loosely tied to the particular operating systems listed below.The first smartphone was called Simon intended by IBM in 1992 and shown as a idea product at COMDEX. It was free to the public in 1993 and sold by BellSouth. Besides a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail, and games. Customers could also use a stylus to write straight on its screen to create facsimiles and memos.

Snake River

2007-04-09T00:42:00.001-07:00

100 The Snake River is a river in the western part of the United States. The Snake River is 1,038 miles in length, and is the Columbia River's main branch. The Lewis and Clark expedition was the first major U.S. investigation of the river, and the Snake was once known as the Lewis River.

The Snake originates near the Continental Divide in Yellowstone National Park in NW Wyoming and flows south to Jackson Lake in Grand Teton National Park and long-ago the town of Jackson. The river flows down Snake River Canyon, then enters Idaho at the Palisades Reservoir and joins with the Henrys Fork River near Rigby. Note: inhabitants of eastern Idaho generally call the Snake prior to this joining the "South Fork of the Snake", individual it from the Henrys Fork.

Tributaries of the Snake contain the Henrys Fork River, the Boise River, the Salmon River, and the Clearwater River.

The Snake River's lots of hydroelectric power plants are a major source of electricity in the region. Its watershed provides irrigation for various projects, including the Minidoka, Boise, Palisades, and Owyhee projects by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, as well as a diversity of private projects such as at Twin Falls. However, these dams have also had an adverse environmental effect on wildlife, most notably on wild salmon migrations.

The Snake runs through a number of gorges, including one of the deepest in the world, Hells Canyon, with a greatest depth of 7,900 feet.

The name "Snake" possibly derived from an S-shaped sign which the Shoshone Indians made with their hands to mimic swimming salmon variation names of the river have included:

Lighting rod

2007-04-02T23:52:00.001-07:00

A lightning rod is a metal narrow piece or rod, typically of copper or similar conductive material, used as part of lightning security to guard tall or isolated structures from lightning damage. Its formal name is lightning finial. Sometimes, the system is informally referred to as:

A lightning conductor,
A lightning arrester, or
A lightning discharger.
However, these terms really refer to lightning guard systems in general or specific mechanism within them.

Lightning rod dissipaters make a structure less nice-looking by which charges can flow to the air around it. This then reduces the voltage between the point and the storm cloud, making a strike less likely. The most common charge dissipaters appear as slightly-blunted metal spikes sticking out in all information from a metal ball. These are mounted on short metal arms at the very top of a radio antenna or tower, the area by far most likely to be struck. These devices diminish, but do not eradicate, the risk of lightning strikes.

Arrestors
A lightning arrestor is a mechanism that shunts or diverts the huge voltage and electrical current of a lightning hit to an earthed ground. Electrical equipment can be protected from lightning by an arrester, a device that contains one or more gas-filled spark gaps between the equipment's cables and earth. An arrester is designed to handle much higher jolts of electricity than a surge protector, which cannot handle a direct strike at all.
When lightning exceeds the arrestor's breakdown voltage, the currents arcs to the ground and prevents arcing around inside sensitive electronic equipment joined further down line. The glimmer gap may be filled with a noble gas, or with air. Other types may work by overcrowding normal irregular current, but allowing the direct current from a lightning discharge.
Lightning arrestors are normally installed on electric power broadcast lines, and on radio tower feed lines between the radio antenna and spreader. Smaller ones can also be installed on the mains electricity service coming into a building, just before the circuit breaker panel. Telephone wires also have fusible links sometimes where they enter a building, joined by carbon which will vaporize with very high current.

Sun

2007-03-29T23:07:00.001-07:00

100 The Sun is the VIP at the centre of our Solar system. It is infrequently referred to as Sol to distinguish it from other "suns". Planet Earth orbits the Sun, as do a lot of other bodies, including other planets, asteroids, meteoroids, comets and dust. Its heat and light support almost all life on Earth.

The Sun has a mass of about 2×1030kg, which is not at all higher than that of an average star. About 74% of its mass is hydrogen, with 25% helium and the respite made up of trace quantities of heavier rudiments. It is thought that the Sun is about 5 billion years old, and is about half way through its key sequence evolution, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. In about 5 billion years time the Sun will turn into a planetary nebula.

Although it is the bordering star to Earth and has been intensively studied by scientists, many questions about the Sun remain unanswered, such as why its outer atmosphere has a temperature of over 106 K when its able to be seen surface has a temperature of just 6,000 K.

Radio clock

2007-03-25T22:00:00.000-07:00

A radio clock is a clock that is synchronized by a time code bit stream transmitted by a radio transmitter associated to a time standard such as an atomic clock. The picture shows a type of radio controlled digital clock. With special mechanism, radio controlled analog clocks are also available.
A radio controlled clock consists of an antenna for intercepting the RF time code signal, a receiving circuit to exchange the time code RF signal into digital time code, and a controller circuit to decode the time code bit streams and to drive an output circuit which can be LCD in case of digital clocks or stepping motors in case of analog clocks.

Orange

2007-03-20T23:40:00.001-07:00

Orange refers to a citrus tree and the fruits of this tree. It is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo and tangerine. It is a small tree, growing to about 10 m tall, with thorny shoots and evergreen leaves 4-10 cm long. The fruit originated in southeast Asia, in either India, Vietnam or southern China. The fruit from the species Citrus aurantium are also called oranges, varieties of C. aurantium are more bitter than C. sinensis.
Cultivation and uses
'Ambersweet' orangesOrange cultivation is a major business and an significant part of the economies of the US, Florida and California, many Mediterranean countries, Romania, South Africa, China, and the Riverina district around the Murray River in Australia.
Oranges are generally grown in warm climates worldwide, and the flavors of orange vary from sweet to sour. The fruit is generally peeled and eaten fresh, or squeezed for its juice. It has a thick bitter rind that is usually discarded, but can be processed into animal feed by removing water using pressure and heat. It is also used in certain recipes as flavoring or a garnish. The outer-most layer of the rind is grated or thinly veneered with a tool called a zester, to produce orange zest which is popular in cooking because it has a similar flavor to the fleshy inner part of the orange. The white part of the rind, called the pith, is almost always discarded. Oranges also can be used to create citrus oil, which is used in aromatherapy to uplift and relieve stress.

Cold River (Maine)

2007-03-14T21:57:00.000-07:00

The Cold River is a 16.4 mile long (26.5 km) river placed in western Maine in the United States. It very briefly enters New Hampshire as well. It is part of the Saco River drainage basin.

The Cold River begins at the height of land in Evans Notch, a pass through the eastern White Mountains. Maine Highway 113, a narrow two-lane road, passes through the notch, subsequent the Cold River on the south side and Evans Brook, a tributary of the Androscoggin River, on the north. The Cold River, flowing south, picks up the Mad River, a short stream with waterfalls that flows off the southern faces of East Royce and West Royce mountains, then reaches the southern base of Evans Notch at the junction of Basin Brook, coming out of a large glacial cirque to the west, where the Cold River national forest campground is located.

South of Basin Brook, the Cold River briefly enters New Hampshire near the village of North Chatham, then veers back into Maine, flowing south-southwest in the town of Stow through an ever-widening valley. The Little Cold River enters from the west near the village of Stow. The Cold River ends at Charles Pond in the northern corner of Fryeburg. Water flows from Charles Pond via the short Charles River, entering the Old Course of the Saco River and finally the Saco itself south of Kezar Pond.

Rameswaram

2007-03-09T23:04:00.000-08:00

Rameswaram (Chennai to Rameswaram 572 km) is a small island in the Gulf of Mannar, is a major pilgrim centre. It is linked to the mainland by road and railway bridges. Rameswaram is a holy place because Sri Rama, on his return from Sri Lanka, offered his thanks to Lord Shiva and performed pooja to wash away his sin in killing the Demon King, Ravana.
Rameswaram is known for its 22 theerthas or wells in and around the main temple. This place is evenly sacred to both Vaishnavites and Shaivites. According to Hindu Mythology, if one visits Rameswaram and prays to Lord Shiva one will be relieved of one’s sins. It is 197 metres long.
The Ramanathaswamy temple is famous for its magnificent corridors and massive sculptured pillars. The third corridor of Ramanathaswamy temple is the longest one in the world.
Besides pilgrimage, Rameswaram Island has some places, which are ideal picnic spots. There are beautiful beaches at Olaikuda, Dhanushkodi and Pamban. The Olaikuda beach is 1 km from the main temple and s engulfed by coral reefs, which makes bathing in the sea safe and enjoyable. With diving glasses and respiration tubes, scuba diving is safe and possible. Flamingos, sea gulls and a variety of birds travel to the Rameswaram Island during winter.
Rameswaram is a main fishing centre of Tamil Nadu. Variety of fishes with export quality fish like prawns, sea cucumber, and lobster are available here. Rameswaram is also famous for its dry fish.

Mars

2007-03-05T21:55:00.001-08:00

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is known as the Red Planet due to its reddish look as seen from Earth. The planet is named after Mars, the Roman god of war. A terrestrial planet, Mars has a thin atmosphere and surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. It has the peak mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons and the largest canyon, Valles Marineris. Mars' turning period and seasonal cycles are also related to those of the Earth.
Mars has two tiny natural moons, Phobos and Deimos, which orbit very close to the planet and are attention to be captured asteroids.
Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall, and are named after the characters Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos (terror/dread) who, in Greek mythology, accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Ares was known as Mars to the Romans.
From the surface of Mars, the motions of Phobos and Deimos appear very different from that of our own moon. Phobos rises in the west, sets in the east, and rises another time in just 11 hours. Deimos, being only just outside synchronous orbit—where the orbital period would match the planet's period of rotation—rises as expected in the east but very slowly. Despite the 30 hour orbit of Deimos, it takes 2.7 days to set in the west as it slowly falls behind the rotation of Mars, then just as long once more to rise.
Because Phobos' orbit is under synchronous altitude, the tidal forces from the planet Mars are slowly lowering its orbit. In about 50 million years it will either crash into Mars' surface or break up into a ring structure around Mars.

Spice

2007-03-01T01:56:00.000-08:00

A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark or vegetative substance used in nutritionally insignificant quantities as a food preservative for the purpose of flavoring.
Many of the same substances have other uses in which they are referred to by different terms, e. g. in food preservation, medicine, religious rituals, cosmetics, perfumery or as vegetables. For example, turmeric is also used as a preservative; licorice as a medicine; garlic as a vegetable and nutmeg as a recreational drug.
Spices are illustrious from herbs, which are leafy, green plant parts used for flavoring purposes. Herbs, such as basil or oregano, may be used fresh, and are normally chopped into smaller pieces; spices, however, are dried and usually ground into a powder.

Aluminium

2007-02-23T21:09:00.001-08:00

Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery and ductile component of the poor metal group of chemical elements. In the periodic table it has the symbol Al with atomic number 13.
Aluminium is found mostly in the bauxite ore and is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion and its light weight. Aluminium is used in several industries to manufacture a large variety of products and is very significant to the world economy. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and very important in other areas of transportation and building.

Indian culture

2007-02-19T20:57:00.001-08:00

Indian culture can be classified into many different form which are existent in their totality throughout the territory of India. The culture of India has been influenced by different religions and customs of the world, which resulted in the mingling of religious values, folk idioms and art forms. While the religious influence is relatively evident in the "classical" Indian culture mostly found in smaller towns and villages, the urban India is now widely influenced globalization.
The cultural policy of the Government of India has three most important objectives. One of them is to preserve the cultural heritage of India; to repeat Indian art consciousness amongst countrymen and to promote high standards in innovative and performing arts fields

Eye movement

2007-02-13T23:56:00.000-08:00

Animals with compound eyes have a wide field of vision, allowing them to look in many directions. To see more, they have to move about their entire head or even body.The visual system in the brain is too slow to process that information if the images are slipping across the retina at more than a few degrees per second. Thus, for humans to be able to see while moving, the brain must compensate for the motion of the head by turning the eyes. Another complication for vision in frontal-eyed animals is the development of a small area of the retina with a very high visual sharpness. This area is called the fovea, and covers about 2 degrees of visual angle in people. To get a clear view of the world, the brain must turn the eyes so that the image of the object of regard falls on the fovea. Eye movements are thus very essential for visual perception, and any failure to make them correctly can lead to serious visual disabilities.Having two eyes is an added complication, because the brain must point both of them accurately enough that the object of regard falls on corresponding points of the two retinas; otherwise, double vision would occur. The movements of different body parts are controlled by striated muscles acting around joints. The movements of the eye are no exception, but they have special advantages not shared by skeletal muscles and joints, and so are considerably different.

Jewellery

2007-02-06T21:33:00.001-08:00

Jewellery is factually any piece of fine material used to decorate oneself. Although in earlier times jewellery was created for more convenient uses, such as wealth storage and pinning clothes together, in recent times it has been used almost completely for beautification. The first pieces of jewellery were made from likely materials, such as bone and animal teeth, shell, wood and engraved stone. Jewellery was often made for people of high importance to show their status and, in many cases, they were covered with it.Jewellery is made out of almost every material recognized and has been made to garnish nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings and many more types of jewellery. While high-quality and artistic pieces are made with gemstones and valuable metals, less pricey costume jewellery is made from less-valuable materials and is mass-produced.Form and function Kenyan man exhausting tribal beads.Over time, jewellery has been used for a number of reasons: Currency, wealth display and storage, purposeful Symbolism Protection and Artistic display Most cultures have at some point had a practice of observance large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Numerous cultures move wedding dowries in the form of jewelry, or create jewelry as a means to store or display coins. on the other hand, jewellery has been used as a currency or trade good; a mostly poignant example being the use of slave beads.
In creating jewellery, a variety of gemstones, coins, or other valuable items can be used, often set into precious metals. Common expensive metals used for modern jewellery include gold, platinum or silver, although alloys of nearly every metal known can be encountered in jewellery -- bronze, for example, was common in Roman times. Most gold jewellery is made of an alloy of gold, the purity of which is affirmed in karats, indicated by a number followed by the letter K. For example, ordinary gold jewellery ranges from 10K (41.7% pure gold) to 22K (91.6% pure gold), while 24K (99.9% pure gold) is considered too soft for jewellery use. Platinum alloys variety from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95.0% pure). The silver used in jewellery is usually sterling silver, or 92.5% fine silver.Other generally used materials include glass, such as merged glass or enamel; wood, often carved or turned; shells and other natural animal substances such as bone and ivory; natural clay, polymer clay, and even plastics.
Jewellery and society
One universal issue is control over who could wear what jewellery, a point which indicate the powerful symbolism the wearing of jewellery evoked. In ancient Rome, for instance, only convinced ranks could wear rings; later, sumptuary laws dictated who could wear what type of jewellery; again based on rank. Cultural dictate have also played a important role; for example, the wearing of earrings by Western men was considered "effeminate" in the 19th and early 20th centuries. on the other hand, the jewellery industry in the early 20th century launched a crusade to popularize wedding rings for men — which caught on — as well as appointment rings for men , going so far as to make a false history and claim that the practice had Medieval roots. By the mid 1940s, 85% of weddings in the U.S. feature a double-ring ceremony, up from 15% in the 1920s.Religion has also played a role: Islam, for instance, consider the wearing of gold by men as a social taboo,and many religions have edicts against extreme display.

Journalism Basics

2007-01-26T21:19:00.000-08:00

Journalism is a concrete, professionally oriented major that involves gathering, interpreting, distilling, and other reporting information to the general audiences through a variety of media means. Journalism majors learn about every possible kind of Journalism (including magazine, newspaper, online journalism, photojournalism, broadcast journalism, and public relations).
That's not all, though. In addition to dedicated training in writing, editing, and reporting, Journalism wants a working knowledge of history, culture, and current events. You'll more than likely be required to take up a broad range of courses that runs the range from statistics to the hard sciences to economics to history. There would also be a lot of haughty talk about professional ethics and civic responsibility too - and you'll be tested on it. To top it all off, you'll perhaps work on the university newspaper or radio station, or possibly complete an internship with a magazine or a mass media conglomerate.

Charleston earthquake – Pre-20th Century

2007-01-12T23:34:00.000-08:00

The Charleston Earthquake of 1886 was the biggest quake to hit the Southeastern United States. It occurred at 9:50 p.m. on August 31, 1886. The earthquake caused severe damage in Charleston, South Carolina, damaging 2,000 buildings and causing $6 million value in damages, while in the entire city the buildings were only valued at approximately $24 million. Between 60 and 110 lives were lost.
Major damage occurred as far away as Tybee Island, Georgia (over 60 miles away) and structural injure was reported some hundred miles from Charleston (counting central Alabama, central Ohio, eastern Kentucky, southern Virginia, and western West Virginia). It was felt as far away as Boston to the North, Chicago and Milwaukee to the Northwest, as far West as New Orleans, as far South as Cuba, and also as far East as Bermuda.
Good Friday Earthquake – 20th Century
The Good Friday Earthquake (also known as the Great Alaska Earthquake) of Friday, March 27, 1964, was the most dominant earthquake in U.S. and North American history. As of 2006, it remains the third most powerful earthquake deliberate in modern times everywhere in the world. The magnitude 9.2 earthquake that resulted in 131 deaths was centered in Prince William Sound off the coastline of South Central Alaska. The powerful earthquake also caused some parts of Alaska to be liquefied, resulted much damage to property and leading to landslides.

A brief history of evolution

2006-12-11T22:28:00.000-08:00

Evolution is a change in the genetic structure of a variety. For thousands of years during pre-scientific times the theory of evolution was unreal. The understanding of the universe was based only on the interpretation of paranormal concepts; God created Earth and made everything the way it is. People thought that to think differently would be impractical.

There were two long-standing planning that impeded the development of the concept of evolution. One would be the fixity of variety. The notion of Fixity of Species is that, “Species, once produced, can never modify.” This is a theory that is totally different to those of biological evolution. God created man as well as he is who he is. The non-living and whole worlds are fixed by creation.

Aspects of music

2006-12-05T21:29:00.000-08:00

The traditional or classical European aspects of music often listed are those elements given primacy in European-influenced classical music: melody, harmony, rhythm, tone color or timbre, and form. A more comprehensive list is given by stating the aspects of sound: pitch, timbre, loudness, and duration. These aspects combine to create secondary aspects including structure, texture and style. Other commonly included aspects include the spatial location or the movement in space of sounds, gesture, and dance. Silence has long been considered an aspect of music, ranging from the dramatic pauses in Romantic-era symphonies to the avant-garde use of silence as an artistic statement in 20th century works such as John Cage's 4'33."John Cage considers duration the primary aspect of music because it is the only aspect common to both "sound" and "silence."

As mentioned above, not only do the aspects included as music vary, their importance varies. For instance, melody and harmony are often considered to be given more importance in classical music at the expense of rhythm and timbre. It is often debated whether there are aspects of music that are universal. The debate often hinges on definitions. For instance, the fairly common assertion that "tonality" is universal to all music requires an expansive definition of tonality.

History of Kerala

2006-11-29T22:44:00.000-08:00

According to fable, Parasurama caused the oceans to retreat, enlightening Kerala. During Neolithic times, humans mainly avoided Kerala's malarial rainforests and wetlands; thus, the first evidence of environment potsherds and dolmens dates to the 10th century BCE. These were shaped by speakers of a proto-Tamil verbal communication from northwestern India, suggestive of that ancient Kerala and Tamil Nadu once shared a common language, civilization, and culture. By the early 14th century, Kerala had become a linguistically separate region. The first major recorded kingdom, the Chera, ruled Kerala from Vanchi.

Related with the Pallavas, they warred against the Chola and Pandya kingdoms. A Keralite identity distinct from the Tamils and linked with the second Chera Empire and the development of Malayalam evolved throughout the 8th–14th centuries. In written account, Kerala was first mentioned in the Sanskrit epic Aitareya Aranyaka. Later, figures such as Katyayana, Patanjali, Pliny the Elder, and the unknown novelist of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea displayed expertise with Kerala.

Classification

2006-11-26T21:55:00.000-08:00

A tree is a plant appearance that occurs in many special orders and families of plants. Trees thus show a wide selection of growth form, leaf type and shape, bark personality, reproductive structures, etc.

The earliest trees were tree ferns and horsetails, which grew in huge forests in the Carboniferous Period; tree ferns still live, but the only surviving horsetails are not of tree form. Later on, in the Triassic Period, conifers, ginkgos, cycads and other gymnosperms appeared, and subsequently flowering plants in the Cretaceous Period. Most species of trees today are peak plants and conifers. The listing under gives examples of many well-known trees and how they are naturally classified.

A small group of trees growing jointly is called a grove or copse, and a landscape enclosed by a dense growth of trees is called a forest. Numerous biotopes are defined largely by the plants that inhabit them; examples are tropical forest and taiga. A landscape of trees spread or spaced across grassland is called a savanna.

Cellulose-based plastics: celluloid and rayon

2006-11-22T22:23:00.000-08:00

All Goodyear had completed with vulcanization was improving the properties of a usual polymer. The next logical step was to use a normal polymer, cellulose, as the basis for a new material.Inventors were particularly involved in developing synthetic substitutes for those natural materials that were exclusive and in short deliver, since that meant a profitable market to exploit. Ivory was a particularly attractive target for a synthetic substitution.

An Englishman from Birmingham named Alexander Parkes developed a "synthetic ivory" named "pyroxlin", which he marketed below the trade name "Parke sine", and which won a bronze medal at the 1862 World's fair in London. Parke sine was prepared from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent. The productivity of the process hardened into a tough, ivory-like material that might be molded when heated.

Colossus of Rhodes

2006-11-19T21:30:00.000-08:00

The Colossus of Rhodes was a giant sculpture of the god Helios, erected on the Greek island of Rhodes by Chares of Lindos, a pupil of Lysippos, between 292 BC and 280 BC. It was approximately the same size as the Statue of Liberty in New York, although it stood on a lower platform. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Alexander the Great died at an early age in 323 BC without having had occasion to put into place any plans for his succession. Fighting broke out among his generals, the Diadochi, with three of them ultimately divides up much of his empire in the Mediterranean area. During the fighting Rhodes had sided with Ptolemy, and when Ptolemy eventually took organize of Egypt, Rhodes and Ptolemaic Egypt formed an alliance which controlled much of the trade in the eastern Mediterranean.

Architecture and buildings

2006-11-10T21:52:00.000-08:00

The difference between architecture and building is a subject that has engaged the notice of many. According to Nicolas Pilsner, European historian of the early twentieth century, a bicycle shed is a construction; Lincoln Cathedral is a piece of architecture. This difference, however, is not a clear one, and fashionable scholarship is showing that all buildings, cathedrals and bicycle sheds alike, are part of a single field that characterizes the build world.
Structural design is also the art of designing the built situation. Buildings, landscape, and street design may be used to impart both functional as well as aesthetic character to a project. Siding and roofing materials and colors may be used to enhance or blend buildings with the environment. Building features such as cornices, gables, entrances, fenestrations and textures may be used to soften or enhance portions of a building. Landscaping may be used to create privacy and block direct views from or to a site and enhance buildings with colorful plants and trees. Street side features such as decorative illumination, benches, indirect walkways, and bicycle lanes may improve a site for passerby, pedestrians, and cyclists.

Pollination

2006-11-07T21:49:00.000-08:00

The major purpose of a flower is to join the pollen of one plant with the ovules of another in order to form seed which is genetically unique, allowing for variation to occur. As such, each flower has a specific design which best encourages the transfer of this pollen. Many floras are reliant upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species. Others rely on animals to accomplish this feat. Even huge animals such as birds, bats, and pygmy possums can be employed. The period of time during which this process can take place is called anthesis.
The flowers of other species are pollinated by the wind they have no need to attract pollinators and therefore tend not to be "showy". Wind-pollinated flowers are referred to as anemophilous. While the pollen of entomophilies flowers tends to be large-grained, sticky, and rich in protein anemophilous flower pollen is habitually small-grained, very light, and of little nutritional value to insects, though it may still be gathered in times of dearth. Honeybees and bumblebees dynamically gather anemophilous corn pollen, though it is of little value to them.

Concrete

2006-11-04T03:42:00.000-08:00

In construction, concrete is a composite building material made from the mixture of aggregate and a cement binder.The most common form of concrete consists of Portland cement, mineral aggregates and water.Concrete does not solidify from drying after mixing and placement, the water reacts with the cement in a chemical process known as hydration. This water is absorbed by cement, which hardens, gluing the other components together and eventually creating a stone-like material. When used in the generic sense, this is the material referred to by the word concrete.Concrete is used more than any other man-made material on the planet. It is used to construct pavements, building structures, foundations, and motorways/roads, overpasses, parking structures, brick/block walls and bases for gates, fences and poles.

Geography

2006-11-01T01:12:00.000-08:00

Geographic factors in a region can moreover aid or hamper the enlargement of a homeland or district. For Great Britain, the Tigris and Euphrates, rivers have fun with terribly important role in an increase in the nation. However, there are geographic factors that may in detail because more harm than actually hold in its country’s prosperity. Best example is the Himalayas effect on China.

In conclusion, geographical features have a major shock on each and every culture. The Himalayas are as well threatened by global warming. The rivers get a big overflow every time and then which is good since they get little rainwater. They next signed the Treaty of Nanking; it is a calm treaty between the queen of Great Britain and the emperor of China. When it floods it fertilizes the soil and then it is a big element for agricultural utilize. The Chinese lost the Opium war while they were so far following in technology. Some features have pessimistic special effects such as the Himalayas, while others have positives like the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Color of Water

2006-10-14T01:52:00.000-07:00

The Color of Water by James McBride is a good choice for a campus reading for incoming fresher to the college campus. This book is really a good book, it deals with diversity, religion, racism, acceptance, self-sacrifice, and hardships, the majority of these are issues for fresher. And also it deals with diversity is how Ruth’s parents owned a store on the black side of town. The character Ruth is young when she first experiences this and confused about why her dad does not accept black people. Rayan’s family experience racism all through their lives. One time Rayan’s brother, James, has been arrested by a white officer just because he was a black kid with a lot of money. To survive they lived their lives struggling for acceptance. Ruth has to sacrifice about everything she owned and lived for. In this book throughout this James McBride captures your attention and takes your mind back to the time this book took place.
The first reason is the book which deals with diversity; how there are so many people in the book, which all come from different backgrounds, races, and religions. This book ties into more college experience how everyone we meet is somewhat different in terms of their living style. It deals with their too.

MBA-overview!

2006-08-31T18:30:00.000-07:00

Every student entering business school to get their MBA degree will require various skills and have basic expertise in particular areas. The level of the mathematical skills will vary depending upon the choice of your program. Many MBA programs need algebra, statistics, and most likely calculus. You may want to revive your skills if they are in query before entering an MBA program, because joining an MBA program without basic skills will be a bit tougher to get through. Most business schools needs the use of private computers throughout your MBA program, in some cases many school will require that you possess your own laptop. Though the degree to which you use a computer will differ, you should be contented with the complete knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets and databases. Every school will provide you their minimum basic necessities for computer skills.

Business schools today try to impersonate the business setting in their academic programs by using student teams. As businesses more and more twisted to teams to work on projects and to solve troubles, MBA programs have converted a huge portion of course work from individual work to teamwork. Many masters of business administration programs now contain teambuilding training as team building workshops, or as a theme in managerial performance courses. Teams are formed mainly for the reason of one project in one course or by remaining together, working on multiple courses for months. In this competitive situation of Business administration programs, the collaboration of students in team building movements is often complicated. Students that take part in team activities find that working with someone else takes up a lot of educational time.

The business fundamentals are taught in every MBA program. Economics, finance, accounting, organizational behavior, marketing, and statistics are in the basic range for master of business administration programs. In business school these subjects are considered a foundation group of courses required for each and every candidate.

These core courses make up the first year of study in a two-year full-time program. In some programs, students who have a prior background in business can by pass some or all of the core courses on the basis of either a special examination or an evaluation of the undergraduate transcript. In some programs, students who have a previous backdrop in business can go around some or all of the foundation courses on the basis of either a special examination or an assessment of the undergraduate record.

Nasiruddin Humayun

2006-08-25T22:49:00.000-07:00

Nasiruddin Humayun:

He was the second Mughal emperor and ruled northern parts of India from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained an even larger one. His succession of his father throne was on the year 1530, while his half-brother Kamran Mirza, who was to become a rather bitter rival, obtained the sovereignty of Kabul and Lahore, the more northern parts of their fathers empire. He ascended his throne at the age of 22 and was somewhat inexperienced when he came to power.

He succeeded his father in India in 1530, while his half-brother Kamran Mirza, who was to become a rather bitter rival, obtained the sovereignty of Kabul and Lahore, the more northern parts of their fathers empire. He originally ascended the throne at the age of 22 and was somewhat inexperienced when he came to power. Humayun lost his Indian territories to the Afghan Sultan, Sher Shah, and only regained them with Persian aid ten years later. Subsequently, in a very short time thereafter, Humayun was able to expand the Empire further, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar the Great.

Essentials of Healthy life – Cleanliness a brief review

2006-08-04T00:40:00.000-07:00

Health is wealth so preserve it. Life is short so use it in the right way. Cleanliness merely fits with the apt meaning of being free from dirt, dust, germs and bad smells. A recent shift has now taken place to recognise that ‘germs’ may play a major role in our immune systems. So experts say washing hands frequently, specially when in an environment of many people with infections and diseases. Washing is one of the best way to achieve cleanliness.Have a brief overlook on the following issue to be aware of how to keep one self clean.

A step way process regarding cleanliness of hands is given below:
· Use warm water
· But avoid scorching your hands.
· Use anti-bacterial soap or hand wash.
· Wash between fingers and use paper towels to wipe off.
Washing of hands has to be followed:
· Before eating
· After eating
· After using the toilet
· After playing outdoor games
· After attending to a sick person
· After blowing nose, coughing, or sneezing; and after handling pets.
The proverb "Cleanliness is next to Godliness," a common phrase that describes humanity's high opinion of being clean. Purposes of cleanliness include health, beauty and to avoid the spreading of germs .If your hands have any kind of skin cut or infection, wash hands with an anti bacterial soap. Thoroughly wash with hot, soapy water all surfaces that come in contact with raw meat, poultry, fish, and eggs before moving on to the next step in food preparation. Consider using paper towels to clean kitchen surfaces.
Keep pets, household cleaners, and other chemicals away from food and surfaces used for food. Along with removing any old food or dirty water, it’s a very good practice to clean the bowls or containers that the food and water are in, ever Hygienic practices—such as frequent hand washing or the use of boiled (and thus sterilized) water have a profound impact on reducing the spread of disease. This is because they kill or remove disease-causing microbes (germs) in the immediate surroundings. For instance, washing one's hands after using the toilet and before handling food reduces the chance of spreading E. coli bacteria and Hepatitis A, both of which are spread from fecal contamination of food.
Personal cleanliness:
· Daily washing of the body and hair.
· More frequent washing of hands and face.
· Oral hygiene—Daily brushing teeth.
· Cleaning of the clothes and living area.
· Use of bandaging and dressing of wounds.
· Not touching animals before eating.
· avoidance of unhygienic people.
· Holding a tissue in your hand when coughing or sneezeing.
· Suppression of habits such as spitting or nose-picking.
· Washing hands before eating.
· Not licking fingers before picking up sheets of paper.
· Cut finger nails and toe nails.

Bluetooth

2006-07-28T04:11:00.000-07:00

Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs), also known as IEEE 802.15.1. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers and digital cameras via a secure, globally unlicensed short range radio frequency.The name Bluetooth was born from the 10th century king of Denmark, King Harald Bluetooth (whose surname is sometimes written as Bluetooh).

Bluetooth is a radio standard and communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power class dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based around low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth lets these devices communicate with each other when they are in range.

Bluetooth is in a variety of new products such as phones, printers, modems, and headsets to name a few. Bluetooth is acceptable for situations when two or more devices are in close proximity with each other and don’t require high bandwidth. Bluetooth is most commonly used with cell phones, either using a Bluetooth headset or transferring files from phones to computers. Instead of that, Wi-Fi uses the same radio frequencies as Bluetooth, but with higher power consumption resulting in a stronger connection. As mentioned earlier, Wi-Fi is sometimes called a wireless Ethernet. Wi-Fi is popular among the computing world, virtually all new laptop computers come with Wi-Fi built in, and all desktop computers are able to be adapted to have a Wi-FI connection. However cell phones do not have this ability.

The Applications of Bluetooth are:

Wireless control between a cell phone and a hands free headset.
Wireless networking between PCs with a little bandwidth.
Wireless communications with PC input & output devices such as mice, keyboards and printers.
Replacement of traditional wired serial communications.
Sending commands and software to the upcoming LEGO Mind storms NXT instead of infra red.
Transfer of files between devices via OBEX.

Famine in Asia

2006-06-29T23:21:00.000-07:00

China:China's Qing Dynasty bureaucracy, which devoted extensive attention to minimizing famines, is credited with averting a series of famines following El Niño-Southern Oscillation-linked droughts and floods. These events are comparable, though somewhat smaller in scale, to the ecological trigger events of China's vast 19th Century famines. (Pierre=Etienne Will, Bureaucracy and Famine) Qing China carried out its relief efforts, which included vast shipments of food, a requirement that the rich open their storehouses to the poor, and price regulation, as part of a state guarantee of subsistence to the peasantry (known as ming-sheng).

India:There were 14 famines in India between 11th and 17th century (Bhatia, 1985). B.M. Bhatia believes that the earlier famines were localised, and it was only after 1860, during the British rule, that famine came to signify general shortage of foodgrains in the country. There were approximately 25 major famines spread through states such as Tamil Nadu in the south, and Bihar and Bengal in the east during the latter half of the 19th century, killing between 30 and 40 million Indians. The famines were a product of both uneven rainfall and British economic and administrative policies, which since 1857 had led to the seizure and conversion of local farmland to foreign-owned plantations, restrictions on internal trade, heavy taxation of Indian citizens to support unsuccessful British expeditions in Afghanistan (see The Second Anglo-Afghan War), inflationary measures that increased the price of food, and substantial exports of staple crops from India to Britain. (Dutt, 1900 and 1902; Srivastava, 1968; Sen, 1982; Bhatia, 1985.) Some British citizens, such as William Digby, agitated for policy reforms and famine relief, but Lord Lytton, the governing British viceroy in India, opposed such changes in the belief that they would stimulate shirking by Indian workers. The first, the Bengal famine of 1770, is estimated to have taken around 10 million lives - nearly one-third of Bengal's population at the time. The famines continued until independence in 1947, with the Bengal Famine of 1943-44 - among the most devastating - killing 3 million to 4 million Indians during World War II.

2006-06-01T01:02:00.000-07:00

2 Port and 8 Port Adapters

Availability

Effective immediately, the new 2 port adapter and a new 8 port adapter are available for SwyxWare.

Product Details

The ZXS00003 and ZXS00004 terminal adapters refer to the AudioCodes H.323 multi-port gateways which can be used to connect analogue devices such as phones and fax.
The ZXS00013 and ZXS00014 terminal adapters vary from the ZXS00003 and ZXS00004 terminal adapters only in the respect that the new terminal adapters support SIP. The ZXS00013 and ZXS00014 terminal adapters have the same configuration and functionality except for the number of channels that are available.

Part Number Description £ List Price

ZXS00013 IP a/b Adapter 2 Port for SwyxWare (SIP) £259
ZXS00014 IP a/b Adapter 8 Port for SwyxWare (SIP) £859

Pricing

For full details of pricing, resellers should contact iptelecoms.

Notes on compatibility

The new 2 port and 8 port adapters will work with SwyxWare V5.00; they will not work with SwyxWare V4.40 or earlier versions of SwyxWare.

Customer scenarios

1. A customer is running SwyxWare V4.40 with an ‘old’ 2 port or 8 port adapter and upgrades to SwyxWare V5.00. In this scenario, they can continue to use the ‘old’ adapter.
2. From now on, orders for 2 port or 8 port adapters will be fulfilled with the new adapters. (This is on the assumption that the software shipped with the order is V5.00 as it is the current release.)
3. Customers with a 24 port adapter board will not be affected as there is no SIP equivalent so they will continue to connect the a/b adapter via H.323 regardless of the version of SwyxWare they are running.
4. A customer running SwyxWare V4.40 (or earlier/older versions) would like to connect analogue phones to their SwyxWare solution. ‘Old’ adapters will be available for a few months but the customer would be better advised to upgrade to SwyxWare V5.00. This means that customers could take advantage of the new functionality within V5.00 and could have T.38 fax support.

SX2 Dual PRI Card

Availability

Effective immediately, the new SX2 DualPRI card is available for SwyxWare.

Product Details

Key Features of New SX2 DualPRI Card

Up to 4 cards from the SX2 family of products can be installed in one PC. Note: The SX2 DualPRI counts as two cards when installed; it will also show up as two network devices in the windows device administration.Up to 76 B-Channels per PC are supported.

Configuration Examples

1. One SX2 DualPRI card + two SX2 QuadBRI cards.
2. One SX2 DualPRI card + one SX2 DualPRI card with fractional E1 (8channels per PRI).
3. If two SX2 DualPRI cards are installed with 30 channels per PRI, a maximum of 76 B-Channels will be supported.
Each port can be configured separately to TE/NT mode with a Jumper field.
Line-termination (120 Ohm resp. 75 Ohm) is independently selectable for each port. by DIP switch.

Part Number Description £ List Price

EXSG00060SX2 SX2 DualPRI Card (2xPRI) £699

Pricing

For full details of pricing, resellers should contact iptelecoms.

Notes on Compatability

The new SX2 DualPRI card uses a new driver (available on the iptelcoms.com website and included in the SwyxWare V4.40 CD). The board will work with SwyxGate version V4.33 or newer. SX2 DualPRI cards do not support T.30-Fax Transmission, e.g. only SwyxFax V2.00 or newer can run on these cards.
• Automatic import of users and extensions
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• Export reports as PDF, Word, Excel or RTF files
• Generate your own reports
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• MSDE database integrated – alternatively MySQL, SQL or Oracle databases are supported (database licenses must be bought separately)
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• Reports of incoming, outgoing and internal calls
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• Send reports by email
• Tariff manager
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• User-friendly graphical interface with shortcuts, explorer and main window
• View and print graphic or text reports
• Tree functionality for quick report queries
• Individual creation of query reports

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